Climate change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Climate change - Essay Example Researchers have the view that the temperature has risen by 0.8 -1o on the Celsius scale globally. The increase in the temperature may look small but it may bring a bigger difference in some of the temperature sensitive environments. The melting of the Atlantic Glaciers and glaciers at some other regions depicts the situation due to the climate change. Ecosystems and Climate Change Ecosystem plays a significant role in shaping the livelihood of the earth. However, the observed effects of the climate change are not such adverse that are estimated, as some of the organisms have the capability to adjust with the climate change. Some of the organisms within the island ecosystem such as coral reefs are much influenced with the little degree rise in the temperature (FAO 3-79). Like the Pacific Island’s mangrove area may decline from 1% to 13% as the temperature increases from 2o to 4o. In the Islands at higher altitudes, the temperature increase is causing the show to melt and thus endangering some species by increasing the amount of invasive species. Moreover, the increase in the level of the sea water might become a reason for the bleaching of the coral reef and effecting the reproduction of the coral reefs and thus lessening the life of the coral reefs. Coral reefs are important in becoming a reason for providing the other species like fish, shelter and food. Biodiversity can be influenced by the events such as the cyclones, where the repetitions of the cyclones are increased. With just an increase of 2% in the temperature, the intensities of the cyclones are increased by 12 or 15% (IFAD, n.pag.). Moreover, the climate change impacted the generation of ice over the... Natural processes have a set impact on the earth’s climate; however, the utilization of the fossil fuel sources to produce energy has produced many problems. The most distinguished problem of the burning of the fossil fuel is the emission of the green house gases. The green house gases are named due to having the ability to trap the solar radiations inside the earth’s atmosphere in the presence of water vapors in the atmosphere. In this way, the solar radiation never go back to the space and constantly warm up the earth’s atmosphere. The green house effect is created artificially in the green houses to develop certain plant species. Human activity is the major cause of the climate change. The utilization of the fossil fuel resources to attain energy is highly impacting the earth’s climate. There is a need reduce the utilization of the fossil fuel resources, as fossil fuels produce green house gas emissions that are capable of trapping the solar radiations. It is recommended to utilize the sustainable and renewable resources to produce energy like solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, etc. as sustainable and renewable resources produce no or little green house gas emissions. If it is not feasible to utilize the renewable resources, the fossil fuel resources that lave lower percentage of emission must be utilized like natural gas is better than both coal and oil, as it has lower quantity of emissions. There is need to control the climate change for the existence of the human life and for the existence of our planet.

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example It is highly important for the organization to examine and understand the nature of consumer behavior so that the organizations can offer products and services considering the needs of target customers. Flagship brand stores are gaining huge popularity in the world due to growing demand for this shopping culture and behavior. Now-a-days, the concept of flagship brand store is changing significantly. Currently, retailers are refining the concept of the flagship brand stores to the themed retail flagship brand stores. This strategy helps people to do shopping with sheer entertainment. This essay will try to discuss about a sports themed pub situated in Central London. In addition to this, the essay will also analyze the symbolic meaning of sports themed pub. London can be considered as one of the happening places in the United Kingdom. Moreover, people of this area love to watch different sporting events. Cricket and English Premier League are the popular sporting events in the United Kingdom. People of UK love to spend their leisure time by watching these sporting events and they also love to spend their valuable time behind this. There have been significant upsurge of economic expansion of sports in Western culture (Barker, 2012, p.7). These sporting events have extensive opportunities to stimulate far-reaching, capability building and environmental awareness for economic, social and environmental growth. The concept of opening sports themed bar has been developed by contacting the local chamber of commerce. The marital status, income level, gender and age of customers within the locality also have been considered in this concept development process. One of the improved popular venues by marketers for building consumer relationship is the flagship themed brand store (Cheverton, 2006, p.77). Furthermore, it is believed that retail market has become more fragmented and diverse than that of giving consumers overloaded

Causes of Bankruptcy at Toys R Us

Causes of Bankruptcy at Toys R Us Abstract With declining sales and the rise of online retail, Toys R Us is one of many companies that have filed for bankruptcy. Toys R Us has also pulled its IPO offering. In the world of Amazon and Walmart, Toys R Us was unable to keep up. This paper will provide a comprehensive look at the underlying issues due to which Toys R Us was unable to thrive. With so many options in the market, Toys R Us needs to create a draw for its customers to remain competitive. The company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats will be analyzed to determine the best course of action supported by research. With research, financial analysis, and dynamic operations, it was concluded that Toys R Us needs to become relevant again and create a business out of what they offer similar to what American Girl has done. Executive Summary Toys R Us was founded by Charles P. Lazarus in 1948 and initially began as a furniture store, which then shifted its focus entirely to toys. The company has 866 stores in the United States and more than 750 international locations. The company’s strength lies in its volume of stores that it operates, many of them in emerging economies that could prove to be an investment. It recently filed for bankruptcy in the United States and Canada. At first glance, the company is suffering from low sales, not enough foot traffic, and toys that do not appeal to children of the digital age. However, at looking closer, the underlying issue seems to be Toys R Us’s reluctance to re-engineer its business. Toys R Us was losing sales due to big retailers like Amazon, Target, and Walmart. Amazon offers the convenience of online shopping with very fast shipping that eliminates the wait time associated with shopping online. Target and Walmart offer one stop shopping that allows an individual to get all of their shopping done without having to make multiple stops. Toys R Us only offers one genre of products, which are toys. When compared to a similar rival within the same industry such as American Girl Doll, it is clear that it is possible to be successful while offering an exclusive product. The appeal of American Girl Doll is that it creates a unique, interactive experience for its customers. One of Toys R Us’ weaknesses is that is does not have a competitive edge. Toys R Us could do the same by providing unique, interactive, experience geared displays for children in their stores similar to that of Build-A-Bear, which is a competitor in the same market. They can also manage a turn around by focusing on lower prices, better customer experience, revamping stores to include the interactive portion, hire engaging employees who cater to children, offer other services such as toy repairs or setup assistance. Toys R Us is a retail company that is exclusively a toy retailer that has 866 stores in the United States and more than 750 international locations. It had consistent success since it was founded in 1948 because it provided the most popular, up to date, and largest variety of toys with the most locations as well (Thomison, 2016). Toys R Us was known as a category killer, which meant that the company sold a product from only one category. With this strategy, the company was able to build a large volume that other retail chains could not match due to Toys R Us’ inventory and price. Then, Walmart launched a price war that was matched by Target and sold more toys than Toys R Us by 2005 (Hartung, 2017). KKR, Bain, and Vornado acquired Toys R Us in 2005 for $6.6 billion. The retailer has $4.9 billion in debt of which $400 million is due in 2018 and $1.7 billion due in 2019. Toys R Us has filed for bankruptcy in the United States and Canada, which will help relieve it from this debt (Hirsch, 2017). This can be attributed to the rise of e-commerce, where people buy online on sites such as Amazon and eBay. Toys R Us did launch its own website in 1998 and it became one of the fastest growing sites in the toy category. As Toys R Us tried to improve its business strategy, so did its competitors. Walmart and Target also sell toys but also offer the convenience of one stop shopping for its customers whereas Toys R Us is unable to do so. In the age of technology, many children prefer I-Pads and I-Phones to traditional toys further dwindling sales of Toys R Us. In 2011, Toys R Us’ domestic U.S. sales were worse than that of 2008, which was one of the worst holiday seasons for retailers. The president of the company resigned after only 10 months despite signing a one-year contract. In 2012, the department heads for administration and merchandising also resigned from their positions. The executives at Toys R Us have been experiencing high turnover within the past seven years (Clifford & Lattman, 2012). The company is grappling with how to grow the business with all of the competition. Sales are dwindling and competition is thriving but what caused these issues to arise for a company that seemed to doing very well? According to Hartung (2017), KKR and Bain Capital acquired Toys R Us in 2005 for $6.6 billion plus $1 billion of debt at a total valuation of $7.6 billion. KKR and Bain Capital put in $1.3 billion and used the company’s assets to raise the remaining amount bringing the debt from $1 billion to $6.2 billion, which was 82.7% of total capital. The interest rate on this debt was around 7.25% that created payments of $450 million per year on interest alone. The plan was to cut company costs, improve cash flow, and pay off the debt. The rise of e-commerce, at the time, was not anticipated. Amazon was only an $8.5 billion company in 2005 as opposed to the $100 billion dollar giant it is today. The executives set the company up for failure right from the acquisition. Due to its debt, Toys R Us was unable to venture into the online market as aggressively as they should have to counter Amazon. The company also could not keep up with Walmart’s low prices. Walmart would take a loss by pricing toys and other popular items at steeply low prices to get customers into their stores so they could spend on other big-ticket items. Customer service and shopping experience at Toys R Us were sub par at best and not inviting to customers. American Girl Doll, which is also an exclusive toy retailer, has seen tremendous, continuous success due to its interactive geared shopping experience for customers. American Girl Doll only sells doll, which one would assume could be its detriment as was with Toys R Us. The same factors that plague Toys R Us are the same factors that American Girl Doll must deal with. American Girl Doll is able to thrive and be profitable because of the unique experience they provide. Each toy comes with a historical background, a story, and accessories, which sell even at their high price point. Bhattarai (2017) states, that smaller neighborhood toy stores are thriving and increasing sales every year while Toys R Us, a retail giant is failing. What sets these smaller stores apart is the customer service of helpful employees, the carefully curated selection, gift-wrapping services, and lego building events. These stores are providing a unique shopping experience that Toys R Us is lacking. Kids these days are restless theyre looking for an interactive experience, said Susan Lee, a partner at marketing firm Simon Kucher & Partners. It isnt enough to just have stacks of toys on a shelf (Bhattarai, 2017). Customer service plays a large part in the success of these smaller stores as well. Bhattarai (2017) lists a variety of different experiences shoppers reiterated at a store called Child’s Play from employees going out of their way to open newly packaged games so children can decide if it is the right one, tracking down obscure toys that some children request, and even taking the time out to play with some of the kids in the store. Toys R Us’ strengths lie in its numbers as the retail giant has so many locations within the U.S. and worldwide. The company also has a large inventory with a diverse range of toys that is difficult to come by in another store. Toys R Us has been around for almost 70 years and for many people creates a sense of nostalgia that can be used to its advantage. It has developed its website and utilize it to further appeal to its customer base. The company currently employs over 70,000 employees and still managed to pull in annual revenue of $13.646 billion (Satell, 2017). The weaknesses of the organization include a lack of competitive advantage when compared to other retailers. The toys sold at Toys R Us stores are not unique and can be found and other retailers and sometimes for a better price. Toys R Us also depends on its holiday season sales to make the most profit and that is not enough anymore to help the company thrive. The organization also wants to pay its executives $16 million in bonuses that they argue are necessary for the executives to perform well. Normally, executive pay is fairly higher compared to the average worker due to the required experience, risk, educational background, work schedule, etc. (Martocchio, 2017). This is not necessary for a bankrupt organization to do especially since these are the same executives that have allowed the company to fail for so long instead of implementing new business strategies. This would be understandable if the organization were trying to bring aboard new executives that have a proven track record of bringing companies back to life after suffering such losses. Opportunities for Toys R Us came in the form of its alliance with Amazon provided both companies the opportunity to excel. It allowed Amazon to partner with other retailers instead of trying to sell everything itself. Toys R Us was able to pick the hot items and have them features and was also responsible for keeping them in physical stock. This deal however did sour due to both companies filing lawsuits against each other. Toys R Us claimed Amazon was allowing other retailers to sell on their website while Amazon claimed this was due to Toys R Us not being able to keep items in stock. The lawsuit has been settled with Amazon agreeing to pay Toys R Us a settlement of $51 million (Martinez, 2009). Toys R Us can learn from this alliance and partner with other companies to further its selling power. Toys R Us also has many international locations that if situated in the right emerging markets can create the opportunity to enhance international revenue. The threats that Toys R Us faces are retail giants like Amazon, Walmart, and Target. Even some of the smaller neighborhood toy stores are doing a better job in providing what customers are looking for. Walmart, Target, and Amazon may offer the same products as Toys R Us but many times offer it in a package exclusive to the retailer that entices customers. Layoffs from multiple store closings have made the company unreliable as well as the current filing of bankruptcy over the debt the company was left with. The company is now in a negative light creating a negative image of the brand as much of its financial woes have been highlighted by the media (Marketing Mixx, 2017). References Bhattarai, A. (2017). Why neighborhood toy stores are thriving while Toys R Us goes bankrupt. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-neighborhood-toy-stores-toys-r-us-bankrupt-20170925-story.html Clifford, S. and Lattman, P. (2012). Pressed from all sides, Toys R Us fights to reinvent itself. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/business/toys-r-us-last-of-the-big-toy-stores-tries-to-reinvent-itself.html Fitz-Enz, J. (2009). The ROI of human capital: Measuring the economic value of employee performance (2nd ed.). New York, NY: AMACOM.          Gay, W. (2017). How Millennials can save Toys R Us from bankruptcy. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/wesgay/2017/10/30/toys-r-us-bankruptcy/2/#6cf61c604af0 Gross, D. (2017). Toys R Us is dying from a lack of imagination. Slate. Retrieved from https://slate.com/business/2017/09/why-best-buy-is-weathering-the-retail-apocalypse-and-toys-r-us-isnt.html Hartung, A. (2017). Toys R Us – how bad assumptions fed bad financial planning creating failure. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2017/09/20/toys-r-us-is-a-lesson-in-how-bad-assumptions-feed-bad-financial-planning-creating-failure/#34186aef58ea Hirsch, L. (2017). Toys R Us files for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. CNBC. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/18/toys-r-us-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy.html Isidore, C. (2017). Bankrupt Toys R Us wants to pay $16 million in executive bonuses. CNN Money. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2017/11/16/news/companies/toys-r-us-executive-bonuses/index.htmlY Martinez, A. (2009). Amazon settles long standing legal dispute with Toys R Us. The Seattle Times. Retrieved from https://www.seattletimes.com/business/amazon-settles-long-standing-legal-dispute-with-toys-r-us/ Martocchio, J. (2017).  Strategic compensation: A human resource management approach  (9th  Ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.   Roth, C. (2013). Toys R Us needs a business model makeover: Roth. CNBC. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/id/100609849 Satell, G. (2017). Toys R Us might be dying, but physical retail isn’t. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2017/09/toys-r-us-is-dead-but-physical-retail-isnt Silver, J. (2017). Eyeing Toys R Us’ future. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2017/09/19/552181913/eyeing-toys-r-us-future-analyst-suggests-hands-on-displays Thomison, E. (2016). A strategic marketing and financial analysis of Toys R Us. University of Kentucky. Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1022&context=honprog Tuttle, D. (2017). Up next in the retail apocalypse: Toys R Us?. Time Money. Retrieved from http://time.com/money/4931640/toys-r-us-sales-bankruptcy-debt/ Vogelsang, J., Townsend, M, Minahan, M., Jamieson, D., Vogel, J., Viets, A, Royal, C., & Valek, L. (2013). Handbook for strategic HR: Best practices in organization development from the OD Network. New York, NY: AMACOM.

Joan of Arc Essay -- Biography History Biographies Essays

Joan of Arc The effect of Joan of Arc can be best understood and explained by looking at some of the events surrounding her birth and childhood. She was born in the later half of the Hundred Years’ War. The war was between France and England, which began over the land and control of Aquitaine, located in the southern part of France. Both countries had made legitimate claims of the land, but the dispute was unresolved and war was declared. The war was mainly fought in France and by 1429, England had gained a great portion of France. Joan also entered the world at a time that there was a lot of turmoil not only in her country but also within the church. At this time the Christian theology was not catering enough to the nobility or to the needs of the townspeople. Many were upset and wanted to instill a different type of church. The people became upset with the clergy because they were unaware of or involved in their society. So in order to expel the church leaders and those that st ood in their way, rumors of heresy and accusations were thrown. The church began to spiral into much upheaval. Commoners were accusing priests and clergy of heresy and thus weakening the church and their message. So when Joan was born into a town that was associated with a large group of witches and heretics, rumors began to spread about her also. Joan of Arc can be seen through the eyes of two very different of thinking. One would be that she was a witch and possessed, and the other would be that she was a true saint. Joan of Arc was born at Domremy in Champagne most likely on January 6, 1412. Jacques d’Arc was Joan’s father and he was a poor peasant farmer. Joan was the youngest of a family of five, and was rather uneducated. She, however, was skilled in sewing and spinning. Joan’s family was also very religious and when she was about thirteen and a half; she became aware of her manifestations, which came to her in forms of voices. She recognized these voices later as St. Michael, St. Catherine. St. Margaret, and others. However, Joan was ever so reluctant to speak of her voices to anyone. She gradually learned that she was chosen by God to unite France and to give aid to Dauphin Charles, who she believed was to be King of France. She waited until she was about sixteen to act upon her voices because she had been too scared and meek at age fourteen... ...nized and declared a saint. â€Å"Today she is recognized as the second patron saint of France† (McKay 390). It is interesting to me that a girl of just sixteen could have such an enormous impact. Her patriotism to her country and her unbelievable deep faith is something to be admired. I feel Joan of Arc was a true Saint sent by God to save France from England. God used a child to do his will because of her pure heart. Her victories stand out more to me because of her age and she was a woman. These two elements combined would have made it impossible for France to listen to her, but by God’s will she was able to accomplish much for her country. Works Cited: Cunneen, Sally. â€Å"Joan of Arc.† The Christian Century 24 May 2000: 611. Knight, Kevin. â€Å"St. Joan of Arc.† New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia 8th ed. 1999. McCarthy, Todd. Rev. of â€Å"The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc.† Variety 1 Nov. 1999: 87. McKay, John P. A History of Western Society. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1999. Monet, Jacques. â€Å"Joan of Arc: Her Life.† Theological Studies Sept. 2000: 561. The Divine Joan of Arc. 2000 Visual Presence. Nov. 6, 2000 http://www.godecookery.com/jeanne/jeannet.htm.

Current Trends in Business Communication

Technology advancements over the recent years have made communication possible in different ways. Communication in the business world today can range anywhere from e-mails, personal digital assistants, text messaging, instant messaging, and through the use of web-cams, just to name a few. These different communication tools allow employees to communicate both internally and externally in a timely and more efficient manner. The current trends in communication within the healthcare industry make it easier for health care professionals to perform their daily tasks, and provide patients with more quality care. The Role of Business Communication in My Workplace Communication is extremely important in my line of work as a nurse. Without good effective communication skills between the various healthcare professionals involved in a patients care and between the healthcare professionals and the patient, the quality of care would or could be grossly impacted. As a nurse, communication takes place in many different forms, whether it is through notes, e-mail, phone, Internet, software used by the facility, or face-to-face communication. Typical internal day-to-day communication activities in my job include checking my work list on the software application that the healthcare facilities use to communicate between the chains of healthcare facilities within the region. The work list may have orders from the doctor to perform certain tasks such as phoning in a prescription to the pharmacy or updating a medication list for a patient. Another type of internal communication that takes place in my day-to-day activities besides oral communication, software communication, and phone communication, is written communication through the use of text messaging. There are times when the doctor will be out of the office and unable to talk directly to a patient or myself and will instead send text messages to my cell phone. Text messaging is not necessarily a daily occurrence but is used regularly. External day-to-day communication that my job requires me to use may include verbal or oral communication with patients either by the use of phone or face-to-face. It is also common to send written material with the patients or to the patients at their home address. Communication with pharmaceutical representatives via e-mail is also common. There may be questions about medications for example, which are not emergent and completely acceptable to send via e-mail to the representative. Text messaging is not an acceptable means of external communication and is never used. The use of the Internet and software has a huge impact on my ability to perform daily activities in a timely manner. Without the ease of communicating electronically simple activities could take could take much more time to complete. Current software has made it easy to re-order prescriptions for patients by just looking up a patient and renewing past prescriptions and sending them to the specific pharmacy that they use. This makes it not only easier for the doctor and the nurse but also for the pharmacist. Also there are times when it is necessary to get ahold of the doctor who could be in a meeting through the use of text messages. This allows important questions to be answered right away instead waiting until the meeting is over. Trends within the Healthcare Industry. Technology has had a big impact in the healthcare industry. My workplace will be going paperless in September of this year. Doctors are preparing for this by making sure that all patient information listed in patient charts such as medication lists and diagnoses’ are put into the system. All internal communication between different facilities will be done through the use of software or by phone. No patient results will be sent through fax or through mail. According to LexisNexis, â€Å"Obama sees the investment in electronic records as a way to improve quality and lower costs. Different Message Types Resulting From Current Trends According to Articlesbase (n. d. ), â€Å"The different message types that result from these current trends are either personal or impersonal. † The different message types resulting from these current communication trends are in the form of e-mails, text messaging, various software, Internet communicatio n, face-to-face video conferencing, instant messaging, and social networking sites such as Twitter or Facebook. Conclusion The current trends in business communication have been greatly influenced by the advancements in technology. The Internet, cell phones, MP3 players, personal digital assistants, social networking sites, and video conferencing among others, has allowed business communication to take place in many forms and from all over the world with ease. These current trends have made it easier for healthcare professionals to communicate more efficiently internally and externally and allow day-to-day activities to get accomplished more quickly than in the past. References: Articlesbase.  (n.d.).  Business Communication: Business Trends and Message Types.  Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/networking-articles/business-communication-business- -trends-and-message-types-4133734.html ASQ.  (n.d.).  Going Paperless Pays Off for Healthcare Industry .  Retrieved from http://asq.org/qualitynews/qnt/execute/displaySetup?newsID=5661

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Red-Shouldered Hawk Facts

The red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) is a medium-sized North American hawk. It gets its common name from the rufous or reddish brown feathers on the shoulders of mature birds. Juveniles are colored differently from their parents and may be confused with juvenile broad-winged and red-tailed hawks. Fast Facts: Red-Shouldered Hawk Scientific Name: Buteo lineatusCommon Name: Red-shouldered hawkBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 15-25 inches long; 35-50 inches wingspanWeight: 1-2 poundsLifespan: 20 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Eastern United States and Mexico; United States West CoastPopulation: IncreasingConservation Status: Least Concern Description Adult red-shouldered hawks have brown heads, red shoulders, reddish chests, and pale bellies marked with red bars. The reddish color is more pronounced in birds living in the western portion of their range. The hawks tails and wings have narrow white bars. Their legs are yellow. Juveniles are mostly brown, with dark streaks against a buff belly, and narrow white bands on an otherwise brown tail. Females are slightly larger and heavier than males. Females range from 19 to 24 inches and weigh around 1.5 pounds. Males measure 15 to 23 inches long and weigh about 1.2 pounds. The wingspan ranges from 35 to 50 inches. In flight, the red-shouldered hawk holds its wings forward when soaring and cups them while gliding. If flies with quick beats interspersed with glides. Juveniles are brown and buff with streaks on their bellies. cuatrok77 photo / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Red-shouldered hawks live on both the East and West Coast of North America. The eastern population lives from southern Canada south to Florida and eastern Mexico and west to the Great Plains. Part of the eastern population is migratory. The northern portion of the range is a breeding range, while the section from Texas into Mexico is a wintering range. In the west, the species lives from Oregon to Baja California. The western population is nonmigratory, although the bird do avoid higher elevations in winter. The hawks are forest raptors. Preferred habitats include hardwood forests, mixed forests, and deciduous swamps. They also occur in suburban locations near woodlands. Map of the red-shouldered hawk year-round range (green), breeding range (orange), and wintering range (blue).,. Scops /Â  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International Diet and Behavior Like other raptors, red-shouldered hawks are carnivores. They hunt by sight and sound, seeking prey while perched on a tree top or power line or while soaring. They take prey up to their own weight, including rodents, rabbits, small snakes, lizards, birds, frogs, insects, crayfish, and fish. Occasionally, they may eat carrion, such as road-killed deer. Red-shouldered hawks may cache food to eat later. Reproduction and Offspring Red-shouldered hawks breed in wooded areas, usually near water. Like other hawks, they are monogamous. Courtship involves soaring, calling, and diving. The display involves either the pair or just the male and typically occurs at mid-day. Mating occurs between April and July. The pair builds a nest of sticks, which may also include moss, leaves, and bark. The female lays three or four blotchy lavender or brown eggs. Incubation takes between 28 and 33 days. The first chick hatches up to a week before the final one. Hatchlings weigh 1.2 ounces at birth. The female has the primary responsibility for incubation and brooding, while the male hunts, but sometimes the male cares for the eggs and chicks. While the young leave the nest around six weeks of age, they depend on their parents until they are 17 to 19 weeks old and may remain near the nest until the following mating season. Red-shouldered hawks become sexually mature at 1 or 2 years of age. Although the hawk may live 20 years, only half of the chicks survive the first year and few live to 10 years of age. The nesting success rate is only 30%, plus the birds face many predators at all stages of life. Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorizes the red-shouldered hawk as least concern with an increasing population. Although abundant prior to 1900, the hawk and other raptors were threatened up to the latter part of the 20th century. Conservation laws, the ban on the pesticide DDT, forest regrowth, and a ban on hunting have helped the red-shouldered hawk recover. Threats Deforestation has greatly diminished the red-shouldered hawks range. Threats to the hawk include poisoning from insecticides, pollution, logging, vehicle collision, and power line accidents. Sources BirdLife International 2016. Buteo lineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22695883A93531542. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695883A93531542.enFerguson-Lees, James and David A. Christie. Raptors of the World. Houghton Mifflin Harcoat, 2001. ISBN 0-618-12762-3.Rich, T.D., Beardmore, C.J., et al. Partners in Flight: North American Landbird Conservation Plan. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, 2004.Stewart, R. E. Ecology of a Nesting Red-Shouldered Hawk Population. The Wilson Bulletin, 26-35, 1949.Woodford, J. E.; Eloranta, C. A.; Rinaldi, A. Nest Density, Productivity, and Habitat Selection of Red-Shouldered Hawks in a Contiguous Forest. Journal of Raptor Research. 42 (2): 79, 2008. doi:10.3356/JRR-07-44.1